Chapter 1: Infectious disease

QUESTIONS:

Guidelines for the rational use of antibiotics and surgical Prophylaxis

1. Explain the general guidelines for the rational use of antibiotics
2. Explain surgical prophylaxis, and add a note on selection of antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis
3. Write a note on choice of antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis
4. Discuss role of Prophylaxis in surgery
5. Classify surgical wounds
6. Write any four criteria for selection of antimicrobials.

Tuberculosis

1. Explain the Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of Tuberculosis
2. Explain the Pathophysiology of Tuberculosis. Give the management of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis
3. Explain the pathophysiology of tuberculosis. Add a note on DOTS therapy.
4. Explain DOTS therapy
5. Explain Management of pulmonary tuberculosis
6. Write a note on the diagnosis, classification and primary prevention of tuberculosis
7. Write a note on the management of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis
8. Explain management of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
9. Explain management of tuberculosis in children and pregnancy
10. What is Mantoux test?
11. Classify Tuberculosis?
12. Define Tuberculosis
13. What is TB Skin Test?
14. List the diagnostic methods for tuberculosis
15. Discuss Category-1 DOTS regimen for pulmonary tuberculosis.
16. List the clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis
17. List out goals of therapy for Tuberculosis
18. Enlist the risk groups for TB
19. What is disseminated TB?
20. List the ADRs of any two anti-TB drugs
21. List the reserve drugs in TB
22. Give the counselling points for TB
23. What is Heaf Test?

Meningitis

1. Explain management of meningitis
2. Write a note on the selection of antimicrobial regimens for treatment of acute bacterial meningitis in different age groups.
3. What is nuchal rigidity?
4. List out clinical features of meningitis
5. Classify meningitis
6. Enlist the predisposing factors for meningitis
7. Role of mannitol in meningitis
8. Enlist drugs used in tubercular meningitis
9. Give the diagnosis of meningitis
10. Enumerate the abnormal findings of CSF in meningitis.

Respiratory tract infections

1. Classify respiratory tract infections. Explain the management of Acute Bronchitis and Pneumonia.
2. Classify Respiratory tract infections. Explain the management of any three upper respiratory tract infections.
3. Explain the pathophysiology, diagnosis, clinical presentation and management of pneumonia.
4. Explain management of pneumonia
5. Explain management of bronchitis
6. Define, classify and explain management of otitis media
7. Explain management of Sinusitis and Pharyngitis
8. Explain the clinical manifestation and management of bronchiolitis
9. List the clinical manifestations of pneumonia
10. Discuss management of pharyngitis
11. Discuss management of sinusitis
12. Discuss management of otitis media
13. Define bronchiolitis
14. Define chronic bronchitis
15. Classify Otitis Media
16. Classify Respiratory Tract infections
17. Note on role of macrolides in LRTI
18. What is community acquired pneumonia?
19. What is hospital acquired pneumonia?
20. What is SARS?

Gastroenteritis

1. Write a note on general management of gastroenteritis
2. What is enteric fever? Explain management of enteric fever.
3. Name the causative organism and explain the management of cholera
4. Write a note on oral rehydration therapy.
5. Discuss management of enteric fever
6. List out different organisms that may cause gastroenteritis
7. Define Gastroenteritis

Endocarditis

1. Explain management of infective endocarditis
2. Explain modified duke criteria for the diagnosis of endocarditis
3. What are the clinical manifestations of Endocarditis? Explain the complications of endocarditis.
4. Write the clinical manifestations of endocarditis
5. Classify endocarditis on basis of clinical presentation
6. Define endocarditis
7. Enlist the predisposing factors for endocarditis.

Septicemia

1. Explain the management of septicemia
2. Enlist clinical manifestation and acute management of septicemia
3. Explain role of osmotic diuretics in septicemia
4. Explain the role of corticosteroids in septicemia
5. Enlist clinical manifestations of septicemia
6. What is the etiology of septicemia?

Urinary tract infections

1. Give the classification and management of urinary tract infections.
2. Give the clinical presentation and management of urinary tract infections.
3. Write a note on prevention and prophylaxis for UTI
4. Give the management of uncomplicated to UTI
5. Discuss non-pharmacologic methods of managing UTI
6. Give the risk factors of UTI
7. Give the management of UTI in pregnancy.
8. Give the symptoms of UTI
9. Give the management of relapsed UTI
10. Enlist the causes of UTI Relapse.
11. Define complicated UTI

Protozoal Infections

1. Give the management of malaria
2. Give the clinical presentation and management of Amoebiasis
3. Give the management of Vivax malaria
4. Discuss about Artemisinin Combination therapy
5. Discuss preventive measures for malaria
6. Enlist the complications of Malaria
7. What is cerebral malaria?
8. What are the diagnostic tests for malaria?

HIV & Opportunistic Infections

1. Explain the pathophysiology and management of HIV
2. Discuss the general principles of management of AIDS. Add a note on the dosing regimen for the drugs used in management of AIDS.
3. Explain the pathogenesis of HIV Infection and list out of the different classes of antiviral agents used for its management.
4. Explain HAART therapy for HIV
5. What is an opportunistic Infection? Explain measures to prevent opportunistic infections.
6. Explain reasons for non-adherence to HAART Therapy, and discuss methods to overcome non-adherence.
7. Enlist risk groups for AIDS
8. Name markers used for prognosis of HIV
9. Enlist the symptoms of HIV infection
10. Enlist various opportunistic infections of HIV
11. Enlist the diagnostic test for HIV.
12. Discuss methods to prevent HIV infections

Fungal infections

1. Explain the management of any two fungal infections
2. Explain the classification and management of candidiasis
3. Enumerate the predisposing factors and clinical manifestations of systemic fungal infections.
4. Classify candida infections
5. Discuss management of thrush
6. What is deep seated fungal infection?
7. What are the advantages of liposomal Amphotericin-B formulation?

Viral infections

1. Write a note on herpes zoster infection
2. Write a note on Influenza infections
3. Write the symptoms, management and complications of Dengue
4. Enlist the causative organism of Polio. Add a note on the complications of polio
5. Discuss the symptoms of varicella zoster infection
6. What is measles?
7. What are the symptoms of Dengue hemorrhagic fever?
8. What is mumps?
9. What are the symptoms of polio infection?
10. What are the complications of Polio?
11. Enlist different forms of Polio vaccination.

Gonorrhea & Syphilis

1. Give the symptoms, diagnosis and management of Gonorrhea
2. Give the management of Syphilis
3. Classify Syphilis. Write a note on the complications of Syphilis.
4. Discuss VDRL Test
5. Give the symptoms of Syphilis
6. Give the symptoms of Gonorrhea
7. Classify Syphilis
8. Give the clinical manifestations of Syphilis
9. Give the diagnosis of Syphilis

Chapter 2: Musculoskeletal Disorders

QUESTIONS:

Rheumatoid arthritis

1. Explain the clinical manifestation and management of Rheumatoid arthritis?
2. Explain the algorithm for management of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
3. Enumerate differences between Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis
4. Explain the pathogenesis and management of Rheumatoid arthritis.
5. List of DMARDs used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?
6. What are the drugs safe in rheumatoid arthritis with pregnancy?
7. Enumerate etiological differences between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
8. List the diagnostic methods for diagnosis of Rheumatoid arthritis
9. Enlist the extra-articular features of Rheumatoid arthritis
10. Discuss the role of cytokine inhibitors in management of Rheumatoid arthritis
11. Enlist the clinical manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Osteoarthritis

1. Explain the clinical manifestation and management of osteoarthritis?
2. Explain role of chondroprotective agents in Osteoarthritis
3. Risk factors for Osteoarthritis
4. Discuss the role of NSAIDs in Osteoarthritis
5. Enlist non-pharmacologic therapy for osteoarthritis.

Gout

1. Explain the management of acute and chronic gout?
2. Write the risk factors of Gout. Add a note on management of gout.
3. What are the Risk factors and counselling for gout?
4. What are the clinical manifestations of gout?
5. What is the role of colchicine in gout?
6. Role of uricosuric drugs in Gout

Ankylosing Spondylitis

1. Types and management of ankylosing spondylitis?
2. What are the risk factors and counselling for ankylosing spondylitis?
3. Enumerate the clinical signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis

SLE

1. Explainthe clinical manifestation and management of SLE?
2. What are the drugs that induces SLE?
3. What are the signs and symptoms of SLE?
4. Enlist the dermatologic symptoms of SLE

Chapter 3: Renal Disease

QUESTIONS:

Acute renal failure

1. Discuss various methods used in the management of acute renal failure.
2. Describe the pharmacotherapy of acute renal failure.
3. Describe the etiology, and pathogenesis of acute renal failure.
4. Give the classification of Acute kidney injury
5. Discuss RIFLE criteria in ARF
6. Enlist causes for pre-renal failure
7. How to differentiate between pre-renal failure and acute kidney injury?
8. What is the significance of Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa)
9. List out monitoring parameters in Acute Kidney Disease
10. Discuss the significance of renal function test.
8. Define renal reserve.
9. Define chronic glomerulonephritis
10. Enlist risk factors for acute renal failure

Chronic renal failure

1. Discuss various methods used in the management of acute renal failure.
2. Describe the pharmacotherapy of chronic renal failure.
3. Describe the etiology, and pathogenesis of chronic renal failure.
4. Write a note on renal osteodystrophy.
5. Explain the management of hyperkalemia in chronic renal failure.
6. Draw the algorithm for management of hypertension in CRF
7. List the types of renal dystrophy
8. What are the criteria to restrict volume overload in renal failure?
9. Give the management of hyperphosphatemia in Chronic Renal Failure
10. Discuss etiology of renal osteodystrophy
11. Enlist different types of bone diseases associated with chronic renal failure
12. Enlist any four examinations for diagnosing chronic renal failure

Renal dialysis

1. Write a note on renal dialysis.
2. List out the complications of peritoneal dialysis.
3. What is Renal dialysis?Give its types.
4. Define Haemodialysis
5. Define Peritoneal Dialysis
6. Enlist the different form of renal replacement therapy
7. What are the complications of peritoneal dialysis?
8. Classify peritoneal dialysis.

Drug induced renal disorders

1. Write a note on drug induced renal failure.
2. Write a note on Acute Tubular Necrosis
3. List out the drug induced renal disorders.
4. Name the drugs which affect the renal system
5. List out four drugs causing acute tubular necrosis.

Chapter 4: Oncology

QUESTIONS:

Basic principles of cancer therapy

1. Define tumor. Classify tumors with their diagnostic features. Describe the general principles of cancer chemotherapy.
2. Explain the diagnosis and staging of Cancer.
3. Discuss the role of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in etiopathogenesis of cancer
4. Explain the significance of screening in prevention and early detection of cancer.
5. Define palliative treatment with examples
6. What is cachexia?
7. What is TNM Staging?
8. What are the warning signs of Cancer?

General introduction to cancer chemotherapeutic agents

1. Discuss the etiology, detection, diagnosis and chemotherapy of cancer.
2. Explain various considerations in design of a chemotherapeutic regimen in management of cancer.
3. Explain the various side effects of chemotherapeutic agents and its prophylactic measures.
4. Discuss toxicities of chemo-therapeutic agents.
5. List the major adverse effect of cancer chemotherapy
6. Importance of radiotherapy in cancer treatment
7. What is pulse therapy?

Chemotherapy of breast cancer

1. Explain the risk factors and classification of breast cancer. Write a note on chemotherapeutic regimens used in the treatment of breast cancer.
2. Describe the risk factors and diagnosis of breast cancer. Write a note on the management of breast cancer.
3. Explain the etiology and management of breast cancer
4. Describe chemotherapy of breast cancer.
5. Explain the treatment for metastatic breast cancer.
6. Enumerate the merits of surgery in breast cancer
7. Give the diagnosis of breast cancer
8. Enlist the risk factors for breast cancer
9. Enlist the stages of breast cancer.
10. Enlist the prognostic markers for breast cancer

Leukemia

1. Define Leukemia. Explain the types of leukemia. Add a note on management of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia.
2. Define Leukemia. Explain the classification and diagnosis of Leukemia. Add a note on management of Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia.
3. Mention the clinical manifestations of acute and chronic leukaemias? Describe the treatment protocol for acute myeloblastic leukemia.
4. Give the clinical manifestations, classification and management of chronic leukemias.
5. Describe the chemotherapy of acute myelogenous leukemia.
6. Describe the clinical manifestations and management of acute lymphocytic leukemia.
7. Discuss the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in management of leukemias.
8. Discuss common therapeutic problems in management of leukemias.
9. Pharmacotherapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
10. Enlist vaccinations recommended to lymphocytic leukemia patients.

Management of CINV

1. Classify chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. Explain its management.
2. Describe the effective management of nausea and vomiting in cancer patient.
3. Write the complications and management of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting.
4. Write a short note on chemotherapy induced emesis.
5. What is breakthrough vomiting?
6. What is anticipatory vomiting?

Chapter 5: Dermatology

QUESTIONS:

Psoriasis

1. Explain the role of methotrexate in the management of psoriasis
2. Name four drugs for the treatment of psoriasis
3. What is the first line treatment for psoriasis?
4. Write a note on non-pharmacologic therapy for psoriasis
5. What is the role of TNFI in psoriasis?
6. Topical therapy for psoriasis
7. Adverse effects of topical treatment in psoriasis
8. Adverse effects of topical corticosteroids in psoriasis
9. Role of keratolytics in psoriasis
10. What is balneotherapy?

Eczema

1. Write briefly on the clinical types of eczema
2. Enumerate the clinical signs and symptoms of eczema
3. Topical therapy for eczema
4. Enlist allergens for eczema
5. Enlist Diagnostic methods for eczema
6. Name causes & triggers for eczema

Scabies & Impetigo

1. Enumerate the clinical signs and symptoms of scabies
2. What is Scabies? Name its causative organism.
3. Drugs used for treatment of scabies
4. Treatment for impetigo
5. Signs and symptoms of impetigo
6. Topical therapy for impetigo
7. What is Impetigo?
8. Classify Impetigo
9. Mention the route of spread of Scabies
10. Diagnosis of scabies
11. Preventive measures for scabies
12. Symptoms of scabies
13. Role of benzyl benzoate in scabies
14. Role of ivermectin in scabies

The following model questions are for the guidance of the candidates and academicians appearing and conducting PharmD exams. The question papers only serve the educational purpose of self evaluation and revision after the respective topic is read and understood. Hope you make the best use of them.